Chromoblastomycosis – Long Term Fungal Infection Of skin

Chromoblastomycosis (also known as chromomycosis or verrucous dermatitis) is a chronic fungal infection/ lesion(s) of the skin 1,2. Some cases of chromoblastomycosis involve cauliflower-like lesions over large areas of the skin. Chromoblastomycosis is most commonly found in rural areas and in warm climates.

The most common fungi to cause chromoblastomycosis are Fonsecaea nubica, pedrosi, pugnacious, and compacta, Phialophora verrucosa, Rhinocladiella, Cyphellophora, and Cladophialophora carrionii. Chromoblastomycosis sometimes involves both fungal and bacterial infections. Chromoblastomycosis often occurs when a person has his skin broken by an accident, thorns, or splinters. While rarely fatal, chromoblastomycosis can often be hard to treat.

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Diagnosis is made by inspection, microscopy, and fungal culture. Treatment consists of long courses of anti-fungal drugs such as itraconazole, posaconazole, and terbinafine. Recent chromoblastomycosis treatment has sometimes included glucan from the yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae. Often drug therapy is combined with physical treatments like surgery, cryotherapy, laser vaporization, and thermotherapy. Cure rates are highly variable and range from 15 to 80%.

References / Sources:

1. Brito AC, Bittencourt MJS. Chromoblastomycosis: an etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment update. Anais Brasileiros de dermatologia. 2018;93(4):495-506.

2. Rasamoelina T, Raharolahy O, Rakotozandrindrainy N, et al. Chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis, two endemic but neglected fungal infections in Madagascar. Journal de mycologie medicale. 2017;27(3):312-324.